IPv4 decision library
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RPKI (Resource Public Key Infrastructure) is a security framework that lets IP address holders publish cryptographically signed statements about who is allowed to announce their address space in BGP. A ROA (Route Origin Authorization) is that signed statement — it names the prefix, the ASN authorize
IP spoofing is the practice of sending Internet traffic with a forged source IP address, making packets appear to come from a different machine than the one that actually sent them. It exploits a foundational design fact of the Internet Protocol: routers forward packets based on the destination addr
BGP hijacking is the illegitimate takeover of traffic destined for IP address space, carried out by announcing routes for prefixes the announcer is not authorized to originate. Also called prefix hijacking, route hijacking, or IP hijacking, it corrupts the Internet’s routing tables themselves:
IPv4 addresses may be globally routable, but transferring their registration from one organization to another is governed by Regional Internet Registry (RIR) policy. For organizations buying or selling IPv4 address space internationally, this creates an important question: Which RIRs support inter-R
Reverse DNS (rDNS) is the process of resolving an IP address back to a domain name. It is the mirror image of the DNS lookups most people know: forward DNS translates a name like mail.example.com into an IP address, while reverse DNS translates an IP address back into a name. The record type that st
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the routing protocol that connects independent networks across the Internet. It allows networks to announce which IP address blocks they can reach, and it lets every other network decide how to send traffic toward those blocks. Without BGP, an IPv4 address can be reg
DDoS mitigation is the set of techniques used to keep services online during a distributed denial-of-service attack — by absorbing, diverting, filtering, or discarding attack traffic before it overwhelms the target. Detection tells you an attack is happening; mitigation is what keeps customers conne
IPv4 Planning for AI Infrastructure and GPU Cloud Providers AI infrastructure planning often begins with GPUs. Operators compare accelerator models, cluster size, power density, cooling, storage throughput, interconnect performance, and data-center capacity. These decisions are essential, but they d
Transferring IPv4 address space is not only a commercial and registry process. It is also a sensitive routing operation. During an IPv4 transfer, control of a prefix moves from one organization to another. Registry records, Route Origin Authorizations, Internet Routing Registry objects, upstream-pro
A low monthly price may look attractive during procurement, but the real cost of leased IPv4 addresses includes much more than the advertised rate. Poor IP reputation, incomplete routing authorisation, deployment delays, weak technical support, incorrect geolocation and uncertain renewal terms can q
IPv4 deals usually stall after the first agreement because agreeing on price is only the commercial beginning—not operational completion. A buyer and seller may agree on a block and price within hours, but the transaction can still be delayed by unclear ownership, incomplete documents, mismatched Re
A /24 IPv4 subnet is one of the most common block sizes in the IPv4 leasing market. For hosting providers, SaaS platforms, VPN operators, ISPs, cloud infrastructure teams, and enterprises, it offers a practical balance between address capacity, routing usability, and cost control. As IPv4 scarcity c
