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RPKI and ROA: Route Origin Authorization Explained
Understand ROAs, Valid, Invalid and NotFound, maxLength, delegated authority and the checks needed before changing or leasing IPv4 routes.
IPv4 decision library
IPv4 guidance archive — page 2
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177 published guides
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These are the distinct guides on page 2 of 15. Use the controls below to move through the archive.
What Is IP Spoofing? Attacks, Limits, and Defenses
Learn how forged IP source addresses enable DDoS reflection, what off-path spoofing cannot do, and how BCP 38, uRPF, logs, and routing hygiene help.
What Is BGP Hijacking? How Route Hijacks Work, Famous Incidents, and How Networks Prevent Them
BGP hijacking is the illegitimate takeover of traffic destined for IP address space, carried out by announcing routes for prefixes the announcer is not authorized to originate. Also called prefix hijacking, route hijacking, or IP hijacking, it corrupts the Internet’s routing tables themselves:
Inter-RIR IPv4 Transfers: Policy, Process, and Restrictions
Check inter-RIR IPv4 transfer paths across ARIN, RIPE NCC, APNIC, LACNIC, and AFRINIC, including eligibility, restrictions, steps, and handover.
Reverse DNS (rDNS): PTR Records, FCrDNS, Setup, and Troubleshooting
Learn how reverse DNS and PTR records work, how to verify FCrDNS, why mail servers check rDNS, and how to fix missing or mismatched records.
What Is BGP? Border Gateway Protocol, ASN, and IP Prefixes
BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol. Learn how ASNs advertise IP prefixes, how route selection, ROA, IRR and LOA differ, and how to verify reachability.
How DDoS Mitigation Works: Scrubbing, BGP Diversion, Anycast, and What Network Operators Should Prepare
DDoS mitigation is the set of techniques used to keep services online during a distributed denial-of-service attack — by absorbing, diverting, filtering, or discarding attack traffic before it overwhelms the target. Detection tells you an attack is happening; mitigation is what keeps customers conne
IPv4 Planning for AI Infrastructure and GPU Cloud Providers
IPv4 Planning for AI Infrastructure and GPU Cloud Providers AI infrastructure planning often begins with GPUs. Operators compare accelerator models, cluster size, power density, cooling, storage throughput, interconnect performance, and data-center capacity. These decisions are essential, but they d
How to Prevent IPv4 Hijacking During a Transfer: 10 Security Steps
Transferring IPv4 address space is not only a commercial and registry process. It is also a sensitive routing operation. During an IPv4 transfer, control of a prefix moves from one organization to another. Registry records, Route Origin Authorizations, Internet Routing Registry objects, upstream-pro
Cheap IPv4 Leases: Compare Total Cost and Service
Compare IPv4 lease offers beyond the monthly price: setup, routing, reputation, support, renewal and exit. Use a checklist to define what each quote includes.
What causes IPv4 deals to stall after the first agreement
IPv4 deals usually stall after the first agreement because agreeing on price is only the commercial beginning—not operational completion. A buyer and seller may agree on a block and price within hours, but the transaction can still be delayed by unclear ownership, incomplete documents, mismatched Re
What Is a /24 IPv4 Subnet and Why Is It Popular for Leasing?
A /24 IPv4 subnet is one of the most common block sizes in the IPv4 leasing market. For hosting providers, SaaS platforms, VPN operators, ISPs, cloud infrastructure teams, and enterprises, it offers a practical balance between address capacity, routing usability, and cost control. As IPv4 scarcity c